Karen Craddock, Ph.D., visiting scholar at WCW, and her colleague Marva L. Lewis, Ph.D., authored a chapter of Routledge Companion to Motherhood, which was published in 2019. The chapter, titled “Mothering While Black: Strengths and Vulnerabilities in a Sociopolitical Racial Context of Structural Inequality,” discusses the longstanding idea of the “strong Black woman” and the ways it minimizes the softer side of Black mothering. Craddock and Lewis delve into racial disparities and disproportionalities faced by Black mothers that are based on stereotypes and implicit biases as well as racial socialization, protective nurturing, and adaptive parenting practices that lead “to resilience in young children to survive in a hostile, racially stratified society."